佛教中的自我问题：无我论的困境

核心论证 Core Argument

佛教核心教义“无我”（anatta）认为没有永恒不变的自我，只有五蕴（色、受、想、行、识）的暂时聚合。但这个教义面临严重的哲学困难：（1）如果没有自我，谁在追求觉悟？谁在修行？谁最终成佛？（2）如果没有持续的自我，轮回和业力如何运作——是谁在从一世转到下一世？（3）道德责任需要一个持续的行为主体——如果没有“我”，谁对“我的”行为负责？基督教教导人是按上帝形象被造的，有独特的、持续的人格身份，这比无我论更合理地解释了人类经验。

Buddhism's core doctrine of 'no-self' (anatta) holds there is no permanent, unchanging self — only a temporary aggregate of five skandhas. But this doctrine faces serious philosophical difficulties: (1) If there is no self, who pursues enlightenment? Who practices? Who ultimately attains Buddhahood? (2) If there is no continuous self, how do rebirth and karma work — who transmigrates from one life to the next? (3) Moral responsibility requires a continuous agent — if there is no 'I,' who is responsible for 'my' actions? Christianity teaches humans are made in God's image with a unique, continuous personal identity, which more coherently explains human experience than anatta.