意识论证：心灵不能还原为物质

核心论证 Core Argument

自然主义认为一切实在都是物质的，但意识经验（qualia）无法用纯物理过程解释。你看到红色时的主观体验、感受疼痛时的内在感觉，这些都不能被还原为神经元的电化学活动。如果宇宙从根本上只是无意识的物质和能量，那么意识的出现就是一个巨大的谜团。有神论提供了更好的解释：一位有位格、有意识的上帝创造了有意识的生命。意识的存在指向宇宙的根基不是盲目的物质，而是有位格的心灵。

Naturalism holds that all reality is physical, yet conscious experience (qualia) defies explanation in purely physical terms. The subjective experience of seeing red, or the inner sensation of pain, cannot be reduced to electrochemical neural activity. If the universe is fundamentally nothing but unconscious matter and energy, the emergence of consciousness is a profound mystery. Theism offers a superior explanation: a personal, conscious God created conscious beings. The existence of consciousness points to a foundation of reality that is not blind matter, but personal mind.